Introduction to LPIC-1

0:12Hey, guys.

0:13And welcome to the LPIC-1 course here on CBT Nuggets.

0:17This course really has so much valuable information in it

0:21that I'm honestly super excited to be here

0:24with you to teach it.

0:25So to begin this course, I felt it would be a good idea

0:28to really introduce what LPIC is all about, and more broadly,

0:33what exactly is Linux?

0:35Well, ultimately, Linux is an open-source operating system.

0:39You know, just the way you have things

0:41like Windows computers and Mac computers,

0:45you can also have Linux computers.

0:48And as it transpires, Linux is absolutely

0:51massive in the world of IT.

0:53And the reason is because Linux is used absolutely everywhere.

0:58Whether you're managing local servers within your network,

1:01or you're dealing with cloud environments,

1:04the demand for Linux and Linux skills are abundant.

1:08So what I'm trying to say to you is

1:09that what we're going to learn within this course

1:11is going to serve you really, really well for your career

1:14in IT.

1:15Now, I suppose I should just start with who exactly is

1:19this course aimed at?

1:21Well, let's just talk a little bit about the LPIC-1.

1:24What exactly is the LPIC-1 certification?

1:27Well, the LPIC-1 is a certification

1:29devised by the Linux Professional Institute.

1:33And the Linux Professional Institute Certification-1

1:36is the entry-level Linux certification

1:40that the LPI provides.

1:42So what I'm saying here is that if you

1:44have absolutely no experience with Linux,

1:46that doesn't matter at all.

1:48The focus of this course is to take newcomers

1:51into the world of Linux and to arm you

1:54with a whole bunch of Linux-based skills.

1:56So what exactly shall we be learning?

1:58What does the LPIC-1 actually cover, then?

2:01Well, when we're done with this course,

2:03you should be able to perform maintenance tasks directly

2:07from the command line.

2:09You'll also learn how to install a Linux operating system.

2:13You'll get to learn what a Linux distribution is,

2:16as well as how to install different types of Linux

2:20distributions.

2:21We will also learn some basic networking skills,

2:24as well as understanding the actual architecture

2:27of Linux-based systems.

2:29Not just that, you'll also learn how

2:31we can create files, how we can modify files, and control

2:36access to different files across the system.

2:39So like I say, if you are absolutely brand

2:41new to the world of Linux--

2:43that is, you've never used Linux before,

2:45and you don't know any of the Linux commands--

2:48then don't worry because I'm not going to assume any

2:51of that knowledge on your part.

2:53Instead, slowly but surely, we are

2:56going to walk through a whole host of tasks

2:59and cover some of the theory along the way

3:01so that you as a brand new engineer in the world of Linux

3:05are going to be able to use the command line to manage

3:08these systems and do things like creating users and creating

3:11groups, and doing so with security in mind.

3:15So whilst we have a whole ton of information to cover,

3:19I will try to cover this information

3:21in the most practical way possible,

3:23whereby you and I together will be on the command

3:26line within a Linux machine and working through these commands

3:29together.

3:30And with a bit of practice, I have no doubt

3:32that you will become familiar and comfortable with all

3:35of the exam topics presented in this LPIC-1 examination

3:39so that you can crush that exam and get that cert.

3:42But like I say, we're going to have

3:44a heavy emphasis on practical skills within this course.

3:47We're not just going to be looking at slides.

3:49We're not just going to be quoting paragraphs.

3:52We need to be on Linux machines ourselves and making

3:55these changes.

3:56So in order to be able to do this,

3:58well, we first have to set up a Linux lab environment.

4:02And if you're thinking, well, I don't

4:03know how to set up a Linux lab environment,

4:06I'm completely new to all of this,

4:07then do not worry because that is

4:09what we're going to be covering in these next few Nuggets.

4:12Okey-doke, so I hope this has been informative for you,

4:15and I'd like to thank you for viewing.

0:00[MUSIC PLAYING]

0:12Hey, guys, and welcome back.

0:14Now, before we proceed any further, one thing I want to do

0:17is to give a brief mention on the concept of Linux distros.

0:22Now, perhaps you may have heard this term before,

0:25Linux distros or maybe Linux distribution, both of which

0:29refer to the same thing.

0:30A distro means distribution.

0:33So the question is what exactly is a Linux distro?

0:38Well, here's the deal with Linux.

0:40Linux is very, very flexible, and it

0:42has what is called open-source software.

0:45This pretty much means that the code

0:47is readily available for people to inspect and to modify

0:51and to create variations of.

0:53It's basically the opposite of proprietary software.

0:56So ultimately, when you have this type

0:59of freely-available open-source software,

1:02invariably people like to make their own modifications.

1:05And that is effectively what we're

1:06talking about when we have different Linux distributions.

1:10So at high level, just assume or rather interpret

1:14that a Linux distribution just means

1:16a different type of Linux, a different flavor of Linux.

1:19So just searching right here Linux distros,

1:22straight away, Google is beginning

1:24to show me a whole bunch of popular Linux distros.

1:28So we have one called Ubuntu.

1:30This is probably my personal favorite.

1:33We have a completely different flavor called Fedora,

1:36and we have all of these different types.

1:39So some may be used for general administration,

1:42whereas some might be used as a type of replacement day

1:46to day operating system.

1:47You know the way you use your Windows machine to just browse

1:50YouTube and go on Netflix, that even

1:53our Linux distribution is optimized

1:55for that type of experience.

1:57Whereas, you may have something like, say,

1:59Kali Linux, which is the very famous Linux

2:03distribution in the security world

2:05because this distribution as tailored towards hacking

2:09and digital forensics.

2:11So understand what we're saying here.

2:12We can have different versions of Linux.

2:15Some might be towards security testing.

2:17Some might be geared towards just a general browsing

2:20experience for the average user that

2:22doesn't have all the complexities of all

2:24these hacking tools.

2:25So now that we actually understand

2:27that Linux comes in different distributions,

2:30different flavors, we have to decide what distribution should

2:34we actually install because we do

2:36have an absolute kaleidoscope of options available to us.

2:40But as we know, we are actually studying

2:41for the LPIC-1 examination.

2:45Now, as it transpires, the recommended distribution

2:49I would suggest that we get is a Debian-based distribution.

2:52This is what we can use for the bulk of our day

2:54to day practice.

2:55Now, not to get into the deep details

2:58of different distributions all at once right now, but as

3:01a derivative of Debian, we have the very popular Ubuntu.

3:06So what I'm suggesting is that we actually install

3:09an Ubuntu-based distribution.

3:12But here's the thing.

3:13We know Linux has many variations,

3:16and in fact, we have variations on Ubuntu itself.

3:20So I would recommend that we install

3:22in Ubuntu, which is an Enterprise open-source Linux

3:25system.

3:26But here is the thing.

3:27Ubuntu out of the box actually comes with more things

3:30than we actually even need.

3:32So in order to make this course, as accessible as possible

3:36and to reduce the demands on the computer running the operating

3:39system, I'm going to suggest that we actually

3:42install a lighter weight version of Ubuntu.

3:45So we have the option to download one called Xubuntu.

3:49This is going to require less resources from your computer,

3:53and it's going to give us everything

3:54we need from our Ubuntu system.

3:57Similarly, if you would prefer, there

3:59is an even lighter weight version of this called Lubuntu

4:03for lightweight Ubuntu.

4:05And if you really do have limited resources

4:07on which to run your computer-- you don't have much RAM.

4:10You don't have much CPU--

4:11then perhaps, Lubuntu would be a good choice for you,

4:15but generally speaking, I think Xubuntu is

4:18the one we're going to go for.

4:19This, to me, is a very good compromise.

4:21Now, we haven't actually solved the problem completely.

4:26There's a whole other style of Linux,

4:29and that is based off of Red Hat Linux.

4:32Now, as it transpires for the LPIC-1 examination,

4:35there are some things that we have

4:37to do and have to understand that relates particularly

4:41to Red Hat Linux distributions.

4:43So what I'm suggesting is that we actually

4:45have two different Linux distributions available to us.

4:48One I'm suggesting we have is a Debian-based solution,

4:52and what I'm going to install as Xubuntu.

4:55That's going to be our main driver.

4:57But when it comes to testing a different package managers,

5:00and we'll get to see what those are a little bit later

5:02on within this course, we also want

5:04to choose a Red Hat-based distribution.

5:07So if we just go and search for something like Red Hat Linux

5:10distribution list--

5:12if we click on this link here, for example,

5:14we can see all of these distributions which

5:16are based off of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

5:19Now, the latest one on the block is one called a Rocky Linux.

5:24And like you see, this is a free and open-source operating

5:27system.

5:28So this is the one that I'm going

5:29to choose in addition to my Xubuntu machine.

5:33Again, if you scroll on down, you

5:35could perhaps choose things like AlmaLinux or CentOS or Fedora

5:40so on and so forth.

5:41So ultimately, really, you can pick your own poison.

5:44But we do want to have a general distribution, such as Xubuntu

5:49and we do want to have a Red Hat-based distribution.

5:52Now.

5:52You might be wondering, well, how

5:53on Earth are we going to have two different operating

5:56systems to test?

5:57Are we going to have to completely uninstall

5:59one and then replace it with the other

6:00and switch back and forth?

6:02Well, absolutely not.

6:03The good news is that we're going

6:04to be able to leverage the world and the power

6:07of virtualization.

6:08This is going to give us a nice safe environment, where

6:11we can have multiple different operating systems,

6:14such as Xubuntu as well as Rocky Linux.

6:17And we can quite easily toggle between the two as needed.

6:21And the good news is that the virtual environment

6:23is very, very safe.

6:24Whatever we do within the virtual environment

6:26should not actually affect the operations within your host

6:30machine, be it a Windows computer or a Mac computer

6:33or whatever you happen to be running.

6:34So now, we have an understanding of what distributions are.

6:37We have an understanding of what types of distributions

6:40are needed for the LPIC examination.

6:43We've talked about the solution to use virtualization.

6:46So how about we get our hands dirty

6:47and begin creating these virtual operating systems.

6:50And how are we going to do that?

6:51Well, the good news is that we're

6:53going to be doing in the very next Nugget.

6:55So I hope which has been informative for you,

6:57and I'd like to thank you for viewing.

0:12Hey, guys, and welcome back.

0:14So before I actually begin anything, what I want to say is

0:17is that this section is for Windows users.

0:20If you happen to be using a Mac, then

0:22feel free to skip on ahead.

0:23But if you are staying and you are a Windows user,

0:26let's walk through the installation steps

0:28that we need to get our operating systems up

0:30and running.

0:31Now, the software which I'm going to download right now

0:34is something called VirtualBox.

0:36This is going to allow us to create some virtual machines,

0:39and in our case, we're going to create

0:41a Xubuntu virtual machine as well as a Rocky Linux

0:45virtual machine.

0:46So with that said, how about we dig in and get to it?

0:49So what I'm going to do is I'm going

0:51to open up one of my browsers.

0:53Now, if you just happen to search for VirtualBox, what

0:56I'm going to do is click this link right here

0:58Oracle VM VirtualBox.

1:00And on the left-hand side, let me just zoom in a little bit.

1:03We can see we have this option for Downloads.

1:05Let's click on this.

1:06Now, it tells us here as a VirtualBox is actually

1:10supported on Windows hosts, OS X hosts, and Linux distributions.

1:15Now, right now, we're going to be installing it

1:17on a Windows host.

1:18Therefore, it makes sense if we click this link right here.

1:22So we'll click this and choose Save file.

1:25So if I click up here, we can see these new downloads.

1:27All I'll do is I'll just double-click it,

1:29and VirtualBox should have a prompt to begin setting up.

1:33So what I'll do is I'll just click Next.

1:36Now, this is where I'm going to install VirtualBox.

1:38If you want to change the location,

1:40you can choose Browse and set a different location.

1:42Me, I'm quite happy to install in my C drive, Programs,

1:46Oracle, VirtualBox.

1:47I'll leave it as is and choose Next.

1:50Now, we've got some options to create some startup menus,

1:53some shortcuts.

1:54I'll just have all of those actually installed as well.

1:56So what I'll do is I'll just choose Next.

1:58And do we want to proceed with the installation now?

2:01We'll say yes.

2:02And lastly, click the big Install button.

2:04So there we go.

2:05This is going to run through the installation

2:07and just give it a minute or two or 30 seconds.

2:10So what I'm going to do is check this box

2:12to start up VirtualBox and then select Finish.

2:15So now here, I actually have VirtualBox.

2:19Now, on the left-hand side here, you

2:20can see all of these different machines here.

2:23This is because I have previously

2:25installed VirtualBox, and my computer

2:27is remembering my settings and my old VMs.

2:30So these are just related to my own personal machine.

2:33When you install it brand new, you should not

2:35see these on the left at all.

2:37So what we want to do is we actually

2:40want to install what is called an ISO image, I-S-O.

2:43This is what we're going to use to install the operating system

2:47into the virtual machine.

2:48So check this out.

2:49We want to have a Xubuntu machine.

2:52So I'm going to go and download that ISO image.

2:55So if you just happen to search for Xubuntu,

2:58click this link here, and we select Downloads.

3:01Let me zoom in a little bit.

3:03What I'm going to do is if I go down a little bit here-- now,

3:05you can download the torrent in this case.

3:08So, I'm just going to use the basic downloads.

3:11So my mirror closest to me is going

3:12to be the United Kingdom, so I'll click on this link right

3:15here.

3:16And let me just zoom in a little bit.

3:18What I'm going to choose is the extension that ends in .iso.

3:22This one right here.

3:23So if I click on this.

3:25And I'm going to choose Save here,

3:26and that'll begin the download of this ISO image for Xubuntu.

3:31Perfect.

3:31So if we click on this, we can see we have this ISO image

3:35downloaded.

3:36And this is what we're going to use to install Xubuntu

3:38into our virtual machine.

3:40Now, before we do anything, if we

3:42search for Xubuntu system requirements,

3:45we can click this link here.

3:46It tells us to install and use Xubuntu,

3:48we need to have at least 1 gig of memory.

3:51Similarly, we also are going to need at least 8.6 gigabytes

3:55of free disk space.

3:57However, the recommended settings

3:59is that we give the box 2-gig of memory and have at least 20-gig

4:04of hard disk space.

4:05So this is pretty much the minimum,

4:07so we can get away with, and these

4:09are the recommended values.

4:10Now, what I'm going to do here is, up the top,

4:12I'm going to click on Machine and then select New.

4:17Now, what I'm going to do is I'm going

4:18to give this machine a name.

4:20Now, notice when I start typing, automatically, the type

4:24is being auto-detected by VirtualBox.

4:27It suddenly changed to Linux and version Ubuntu 64.

4:30So I'll just say Xubuntu-2 because I already have created

4:34a Xubuntu machine before.

4:35And this is the folder where I'm going to actually store the VM.

4:38So I'll choose Next.

4:40And now, we have the memory requirements.

4:42Now, like I said, we can get away with 1 gig,

4:44but the recommended is to have 2-gig.

4:47But again, if you have a very strong and powerful computer,

4:50there really is no harm to giving it even more if you

4:52want even better performance.

4:54But ultimately, 2 gigs should be enough.

4:56So I'll just drag it to somewhere around here

4:58just over 2, and I'll say Next.

5:00The next thing I'm going to do is

5:02to create a virtual hard disk now.

5:03So I'll choose Create.

5:05And we'll choose VDI, VirtualBox Disk Image, and then say Next.

5:09And now, what is the hard disk space?

5:11We'll see dynamically allocated, and we'll say Next.

5:14So now, we're going to specify how much disk space do

5:16we want to give it.

5:17Now, remember, we can actually get away with a lower amount.

5:20This is not the absolute requirements,

5:22but it did say the recommended settings,

5:25if possible, is to give it at least 20-gig.

5:28So 20-gig or more would be perfect.

5:30Understand, you can get away with using less.

5:32So I'll just say 23, for example, and choose Create.

5:35Now, lastly, I'm going to go in, and I'll just

5:38right-click on this right here.

5:40I'll go back to Settings, and here, we

5:42can see the actual settings we have already.

5:44If we choose System, we can see the memory we've allocated.

5:47If we choose Processor, we can choose how many processors

5:50we want to allocate to the machine.

5:52I'm just going to give this, say, 2, for example.

5:55Again, the more power you can give it, the better.

5:57For my network, I can have it as NAT,

6:00or perhaps, you may want to choose as a bridged adapter.

6:03Either/or can work.

6:04But for now, I'll leave it at NAT.

6:06Now, the important part here is that right now, we

6:08want to click on Storage.

6:10Now, controller IDE-- click on this little icon here.

6:14Click this.

6:15Now, on the right-hand side, we can see the optical drive.

6:18Now, to the right here, this little desk image-- again,

6:21click on this, and then we'll choose a disk file.

6:25So I'll click on this right here.

6:26And all I'm going to do is select

6:28the ISO image wherever we downloaded it.

6:30So I can see it right here.

6:32Click it right here, and then I'll choose Open.

6:34This means that this VM is going to use Xubuntu.

6:38So now, if we click OK, we can now begin setting things up.

6:42So with this box highlighted, the machine, Xubuntu-2,

6:44in my case, I'm going to now click Start.

6:47And this should start up the virtual machine.

6:49OK, so we're now going to be prompted with some choices.

6:52I'm going to choose Install Xubuntu.

6:55Now, we can choose the language we want to use.

6:58I'm in the UK, so I'm going to choose English UK,

7:01but of course, choose whatever is relevant to you.

7:04And I'll click UK here and then choose Continue.

7:07I'm going to say download updates well installing

7:10Xubuntu, and then I'll choose Continue.

7:13And now, we'll choose erase disk and install Xubuntu.

7:17If I click Install Now, the installation should begin.

7:20And one last thing, just click Continue right here.

7:23OK, so now, we're going to be asked whereabouts

7:25are we are for our timezone.

7:26I'm in Glasgow, which is going to be London-based.

7:30So I'll choose Continue.

7:31And now, we're going to give the name.

7:33I'm just going to say ipvzero, which is my GitHub name.

7:36But again, choose any name you wish.

7:37And I'll just name the computer ipvzero as well.

7:40Username, ipvzero, and now, I will choose a password.

7:44So I'll just choose a fairly simple password, again,

7:47because it's just a little lab environments.

7:49And now, I'll choose Continue.

7:51OK, so that might take 5 minutes, 10 minutes,

7:5315 minutes.

7:54It depends how quick your system actually is.

7:56Just be patient, and wait for it to complete.

7:58Perfect.

7:59So once you give that a sufficient time,

8:01it should say installation complete.

8:04So with that said, I'm going to click Restart Now.

8:07And it's going to begin restarting.

8:09Now, it says here at the bottom, please remove the installation

8:12medium, and then press Enter.

8:14In my case, it's not actually a physical disc I've put in.

8:17I'm just going to press Enter.

8:19So there we go.

8:20It should begin restarting.

8:21OK, so you should now be prompted with your username,

8:25and underneath, you should type in the password you created.

8:28So I'll type in the little what I had, and then I'll choose

8:31Log In.

8:31So click this.

8:32OK, so we have our Xubuntu machine installed.

8:36We do have a little bit of a problem.

8:38Let me show you what this is.

8:39If I go and try to full screen this, look at this.

8:43It's absolutely tiny.

8:45And where am I going to be typing

8:46in lots and lots of commands?

8:48This isn't really ideal.

8:50So we actually do have two solutions that we can use,

8:53and I'll show you them both.

8:54Now, the first thing I'm going to do

8:56is just to log into that virtual machine

8:58remotely from my actual host computer, my Windows machine.

9:02So let me show you that method first, then.

9:04So what I'll do here is I'll minimize that.

9:06Go back to my browser.

9:07And I'm going to search for PuTTY download,

9:09and I'll click this.

9:10So I can see I can download PuTTY here.

9:12Let's click this link, and let me just zoom in.

9:15I'm going to choose the Windows installer here.

9:17So I'll click this one here, and I'll say Save File.

9:20Click this link, and click this here.

9:22So now, it's going to say it's as an executable.

9:24Do I want to run it?

9:25I'll say OK, and I'll just run through the installation wizard

9:28and click Install.

9:30This should begin installing and then choose Finish.

9:32Cool.

9:33So check this out.

9:34If I search for PuTTY on my Windows machine and click this,

9:38this little program should open up.

9:40And this is going to allow us to do what

9:42is called SSH into the device.

9:44Now, we actually haven't covered what SSH is quite yet.

9:47We'll get to look at this later on within this course.

9:49But really, just think of it as a way

9:52to securely log in to somewhere that is remote to you.

9:55So, in this case here, we're going

9:57to securely log in to this virtual machine from our host

10:00machine.

10:01So all I'm going to do here is choose Appearance,

10:03and I'll choose Change.

10:05And what you can do here is change the font size

10:07as you so choose, as well as choose the different type

10:11of font you may want.

10:13So I'll choose OK.

10:14I'll then choose Session.

10:16I'll then highlight default settings

10:18and choose Save to actually save my font size.

10:22OK, so now, I want to be able to log into this machine.

10:25So at the very top left, I'm going to click this link here,

10:29and I'm going to choose the thing called the Terminal

10:31Emulator.

10:32This is how we can get on the command line

10:34within this machine.

10:35So what I'll do is click this little plus arrow

10:37to full-size this.

10:38And to make this look a little bit easier to read,

10:40I'll go into Edit, then to Preferences.

10:43I'll go to Appearance.

10:44And then on here, I'm going to click this option here,

10:47and I'm just going to increase the font size a little bit.

10:51So I'll say Select, and that should make the font size

10:53look a little bit bigger.

10:54So let me just full screen this.

10:56So like you see, we still can't see the entire screen.

10:58Now, what I'm going to do here is type some commands.

11:01You don't have to understand what these commands are just

11:04yet.

11:04We certainly will get to explain what these actually

11:07do throughout this course.

11:08But just to get us up and running,

11:10I want you to take this command called sudo apt update,

11:14and then we'll hit Enter.

11:15Now, you'll type in the password that you

11:17created for those accounts and then hit Enter again.

11:20This is just going to do some basic updating.

11:22OK, now what I'm going to say is sudo apt

11:26install openssh-server.

11:31And then if I hit Enter and then I hit the Y for Yes

11:34and again hit Enter, this is going

11:36to install what is called an SSH server

11:39onto this virtual machine.

11:40It's going to allow me to log into this virtual machine

11:43remotely using this PuTTY program.

11:46OK, so I'm going to say clear to clear the screen.

11:49And now, I'm going to say IP addr, and I hit Enter.

11:53Now, we can see a whole bunch of information right here.

11:56So what I'm going to say here is IP addr,

11:59and then I'm going to do this little pipe symbol, which

12:01is a straight line down.

12:03And then I'm going to say grep init,

12:05and again, do not worry about what these commands actually

12:07mean.

12:08So if I hit Enter, you should see

12:09a whole bunch of IP addresses.

12:12Now, the ones that say inet, these are IPv4 addresses.

12:16The one that say inet6, these are IPv6.

12:18We want to focus on IPv4.

12:21Now, the one that says 127.0.0.1 ignore that one.

12:25And this case here, this is the IP address I want to target.

12:29In my case, it's 10.0.2.15.

12:32Yours might look like 10.1.1.1 or 192.168.0.1.

12:38It doesn't actually matter what the number is.

12:40Just take the number before the slash, and remember it.

12:43So, in this case here, 10.0.2.15 for me.

12:46And if I get down here and I search for CMD

12:49for the command prompt to my Windows machine,

12:51what I'm going to do is try and ping this address.

12:53I'll say ping 10.0.2.15.

12:56And it appears I'm not actually getting connectivity here.

12:59So what I'm going to do right now is just close this.

13:02And it appears because we have NAT running,

13:05VirtualBox is having a hard time communicating.

13:08So what I'm going to do is to actually change

13:10the network adapter.

13:11So if I go to my Machine option, choose Settings.

13:14And I'll go down to Network, again.

13:16And this time, I'll choose Bridged Adapter,

13:19and then I'll choose OK.

13:20So that should now change the adapter.

13:22And all I'm going to do is I'll close this down.

13:25And up the top left, I'll click this here,

13:28and I'll go to this icon here.

13:30Click this little button, and I'll just

13:32choose Restart to restart the machine with the new settings.

13:35OK, so again, let's log in.

13:37And again, we'll go up to this little corner.

13:39Click the button.

13:40We'll choose Terminal Emulator.

13:43Now, if we just try this command again and hit Enter,

13:46notice that the init has actually changed the address.

13:49It's now 192.168.0.65.

13:52Let's try and ping that one, then.

13:54So again, go back to CMD.

13:56192.168.0.65, that was.

14:00If I hit Enter, we're now getting it applied back.

14:02So that's good to know.

14:04I'm going to take this address, and I'm going to go to PuTTY.

14:06And I'll type this address and write here.

14:08So 192.168, and I'll do 0.65.

14:13I want to change the port here to 22,

14:16and I'm going to choose SSH.

14:18If I click Open, I'm going to say Accept to accept the key.

14:22And now, I'm going to provide my username, which in this case,

14:24is ipvzero.

14:25And now, I'm going to type in the password I've created.

14:28So now, what I've done, I've actually

14:30logged into the command line remotely via my machine.

14:34So I've now got this nice full-sized screen

14:36to be able to work with.

14:37So that's one solution we can do.

14:39The other solution is to use what is called VirtualBox guest

14:43additions.

14:43So let me quickly show you how we can get this up

14:45and running as well as an alternative.

14:47So what I'm going to do here is on my Devices option,

14:51I'm going to click Insert Guest Additions CD Image.

14:55So if I click on this--

14:56and it's going to say the CD was mounted automatically.

15:00So what am I actually going to do here is, let me just

15:03close this down.

15:04I'm going to type in this command cd space forward slash.

15:09I'll say media forward slash and then a dollar sign and then

15:14the word "user."

15:15This should take you into a folder.

15:17Now, if you do the command ls--

15:19and again, do not worry about what these commands are.

15:21We'll definitely get to talk about that.

15:23If you just type ls, you'll now see this new directory

15:26called VBox_GA.

15:28So I'm going to say cd, which is going to allow me

15:32to change into that directory.

15:33And I can just say VB and hit the Tab key to complete it,

15:36and then hit Enter.

15:38If I do ls again, we're going to see a whole bunch

15:41of different files.

15:42Now, because we are on a Linux machine,

15:45this is the file we want to run--

15:47VBoxLinuxAdditions.run.

15:50Now, the way we can run this is by saying sudo,

15:53and then I'll do dot slash, and then I'll say VBox.

15:57And then, if I do a capital L for Linux

16:00and if I just hit the Tab key, it should also complete.

16:03And now, if I hit Enter, I should be prompted

16:06for my password and hit Enter.

16:08It's going to attempt to install VirtualBox guest additions,

16:11but we may run into an issue here.

16:12And watch this.

16:13Now, it says here that this system is currently not set up

16:17to build kernel modules.

16:19We actually have to fix this with another set of commands.

16:22So these are the commands which I'm going

16:24to type here-- sudo apt update.

16:26OK, so we'll type that in-- hit Enter.

16:28OK, and now, we'll have to type in this big long one

16:31right here.

16:32Again, don't worry about what it actually means quite just yet.

16:35Just try to copy it.

16:36So I'll say sudo apt install virtualbox-guest-utils space

16:44virtualbox-guest-dkms.

16:50If I now hit Enter, and then I hit the Y key for yes.

16:54Hit Enter again.

16:55OK, so with this now complete, what I'm going to do here

16:58is I'll just close this box.

17:00And see this little disc here?

17:01I'm going to right-click it, and I'm going to say eject volume.

17:06And then again, what I'll do is I'll go back to Devices,

17:09and I'll reinsert this image once again.

17:11OK, so with it now inserted, let's close here.

17:14One last time, let's go back to our Terminal Emulator.

17:18We'll do the same command cd /media/$USER.

17:24We'll do an ls.

17:25We'll do cd VBox, and we can type in ls one more time.

17:30And now, again, we'll try to rerun this little program here.

17:35So I'll say sudo ./VBox type capital L,

17:39and then we should top complete.

17:40And then, if you hit Enter, type in the password hit Enter,

17:44we should run through the installation.

17:46OK, so this seems all good.

17:47What we're going to do is to close this down and again

17:50go up to our little icon here.

17:52Go back down to this icon.

17:54And then if we choose Restart, when the computer restarts,

17:57we should be able to go into full-screen mode.

18:00So again, it appears that we have a very small screen.

18:03Let's just type in our password and to enter--

18:06I mean, minimize, and open again.

18:08And suddenly, it actually expands to its full size.

18:11And again, we can go into Preferences,

18:13enter appearance, and then bump up the size if we so choose.

18:17And this is a much better environment

18:20than having really small text and a lot of line wrapping.

18:23OK, so that is all for the setup of Xubuntu within VirtualBox.

18:27I hope this has been informative for you,

18:28and I'd like to thank you for viewing.

0:12Hey, guys, and welcome back.

0:14So in the previous Nugget, we had just created our Xubuntu

0:17virtual machine.

0:18Let us now create one that is your Red Hat-based machine that

0:21is going to be Rocky Linux in your case.

0:23So if you just happen to search for Rocky Linux

0:25download, and click this link here.

0:27So what I'm going to do is I'm going to choose

0:29the x86_64 architecture.

0:32And I'm just going to choose the Minimal download.

0:35This is going to be a smaller version of the OS,

0:38but more stripped down.

0:39So let's save this, and this should begin downloading.

0:42OK, so now we've downloaded that image.

0:44What we'll do is we'll go back to VirtualBox.

0:47We'll say Machine.

0:48We'll click New, and I'll just call this one, maybe, Red Hat

0:52Rocky.

0:53Again, give it any name you wish.

0:54So the type is going to be Linux.

0:56The version-- I'll just change this to Other Linux 64-bit,

1:00and I'll just say Next.

1:01So I'll give this 2-gig once again,

1:04and I'll choose Create VDI once again, Next.

1:07And again, I'm going to give this about 20 gigs.

1:10So I'll save you, then Create.

1:11Perfect.

1:12So now we'll right-click.

1:13We'll go into Settings.

1:14Just like before, let's go to Network.

1:16We'll make sure that's on the bridged adapter.

1:19We'll go to System, Processor--

1:21I'll bunch it up to 2.

1:22I'll go to Storage.

1:23I'll go down to the disc here, the empty.

1:26I'll then click this link, and I'll choose a disk file.

1:28Last time, I'm going to choose the Rocky Minimal ISO.

1:31I'll open this, and I will say OK.

1:34So now, if I start this machine, now we

1:36can have these different options.

1:37We can Install Rocky Linux 8, go down to test media,

1:41and arrow down to troubleshoot.

1:42We want to go to the very top one, which

1:44is Install Rocky Linux 8.

1:46If hit Enter-- OK, so we'll choose the language.

1:49I'm going to choose English and UK for me.

1:51Again, choose whatever suits you.

1:53Click Continue.

1:54OK, so I'm going to choose this Installation Destination

1:57option.

1:57And I'm going to choose this hard disk

1:59I've created right here.

2:00Let me scroll on down, and I'll just choose Done.

2:04Next, I'll go to Software Selection right here,

2:07and I'm just going to choose Minimal Install right here,

2:09and then I'll click Done.

2:11I'll click on Time and Date.

2:13I'm going to choose this here because I'm in the UK.

2:16But again, choose whatever you wish.

2:18And I'll click Done.

2:19And again, because we have this very small screen,

2:21it's hard to see.

2:22But I'm going to click on Network and Host

2:24Name right here.

2:25I'm going to click this little icon here

2:27to toggle this on to turn on the internet connection.

2:30And again, we can change the actual host name of the device.

2:34I'll just leave this at the default.

2:36So I'll choose Done.

2:37We'll now click on Root Password,

2:39and that's is going to be your administrator password.

2:42Now, you really should choose something very, very secure,

2:44but I'm going to keep something fairly simple.

2:46So we'll just type in the root password and confirm.

2:49I'll say Done.

2:50If I scroll on down a little bit, so we go to User Creation.

2:53Click on this, and I'll give my username of ipvzero.

2:57And I'll type in a password for this account.

2:59And I'm actually just using the same password

3:01because I'm being a bit lazy.

3:03And I'm going to tick this to say

3:05make it a user administrator.

3:06So now, I'll say Done.

3:07And now, I'm going to click on Begin Installation.

3:10OK, perfect.

3:11It now says Rocky Linux is now successfully installed

3:14and ready to use.

3:15So what we're going to do is to reboot this system.

3:18So let's click Return.

3:19Now, we can see the host login.

3:21I'll type in my username, ipvzero, and the password

3:25for this account.

3:26And now, I've logged in to this machine.

3:29What I can now do is I can do ip adder pipe grep

3:32init, as we did before.

3:34And the IP address I can see here is 10.0.2.15.

3:37I think I may have made this in NAT adapter again.

3:41I'll do Settings.

3:42Go to Network.

3:42Yes, I have, so make that bridge topology.

3:45How about that?

3:46Click OK and arrow up, do the same command.

3:49This device does not actually need to be rebooted.

3:51So now, I'm going to target 192.168.0.66.

3:55Let's go back to PuTTY--

3:560.66, again, port 22, SSH, click Open.

4:02We'll accept the key.

4:03We'll say ipvzero, and I'll type in my password

4:06for this account.

4:07Hit Enter, and now again, just like we

4:10saw before, I've logged that, and I have

4:12that full-screen environment.

4:14Similarly, if you so choose, you could

4:15run through the VirtualBox guest addition installation.

4:18But for now, that is us up and running

4:20for Xubuntu and for Rocky Linux on our Windows machine.

4:24So I hope this has been informative for you,

4:26and I'd like to thank you for viewing.

0:12Hey, guys.

0:13And welcome back.

0:14Now, if you are a Windows user, then this section of the skill

0:18does not apply to you.

0:19We should already be up and running.

0:21Now, when I was advising our friends who

0:23are using Windows computers, I advised

0:25that they use the software called VirtualBox.

0:28Now, in my own personal experience,

0:30using VirtualBox with Macs sometimes causes a few issues.

0:35And ultimately, I would rather avoid those.

0:37So I'm going to recommend that you as a Mac user

0:40use another type of software.

0:42This is called VMware Fusion.

0:44And once we have VMware Fusion up and running,

0:47we can then walk through the installation of Xubuntu.

0:50So let's first go and get VMware Fusion, then.

0:53So if you just search for VMware Fusion

0:55and click this link here, if we scroll on down,

0:58we can see we have an option to buy Fusion.

1:00But there also is an option to use it

1:03for free with a personal user license.

1:05This is the one I'm going to get right now.

1:07So as it transpires, I have already

1:09created an account with VMware.

1:11If you don't have an account, just

1:13simply click Create an Account and fill in your details.

1:16You'll then be asked to provide some information--

1:19what is your name, where do you live, specify a phone number

1:22and an email address.

1:24Once you do that, you'll have an account up and running,

1:27and then you can be able to log in and ultimately download

1:30VMware Fusion Player.

1:31So in this case here, now that I've got this account,

1:34I'm just going to click Log In.

1:36Now I'm going to blow this out, but right here, I actually

1:39have my license key.

1:40So if you're prompted to enter it, just copy in the value

1:43that you see for your installation.

1:45But for now, what I'm going to do here

1:47is I'm going to manually download VMware Fusion.

1:51And what I'll do is I'll just save the file.

1:53And now this will begin downloading.

1:55Perfect.

1:55So that is now downloaded.

1:57Let's just click this.

1:58And I will double-click to install Fusion.

2:01Now it's going to verify fusion.

2:02Now this is because I have already

2:04installed Fusion before.

2:06So it does know my license key.

2:08In your case, if it's fresh, it will ask you

2:11to type in the license key.

2:13And of course, that will be personal to your own account.

2:16So what I will now do is say Open.

2:18And I'll type in my password, and it

2:20will install VMware Fusion.

2:22Perfect.

2:23So now what I want to do is I want to get a copy of Xubuntu.

2:28Xubuntu Download, I'll click this link here.

2:30I'll scroll on down.

2:31Now, it does recommend we torrent.

2:34In this case I'm just going to use

2:35one of the mirror downloads.

2:37I'm in the United Kingdom, so I'm going to choose UK.

2:40That will be the quickest for me.

2:41And what I want to download is this one here,

2:43which ends in .iso.

2:45OK, so let's download this.

2:47And I'll save you as well.

2:48And this, too, will also begin downloading.

2:51And what I'll do is I'll go to Finder,

2:53and I will go to Downloads.

2:55And all I'm going to do is grab this xubuntu.iso image,

2:59and I'm just going to drag it onto this part here.

3:02So now I will just click Continue.

3:05And now we'll fill in some details.

3:06So the display name I'll just have as ipvzero,

3:09which is my own GitHub name.

3:11But again, you can choose any name you wish.

3:13And I'll type in a little password here for the machine.

3:16This can be our login credentials.

3:18And I'll click Continue.

3:20So now I see a virtual machine summary.

3:22I'm just going to click Finish.

3:24And I will choose Save.

3:26Now we'll click OK.

3:27Now VMware is going to run through the installation

3:30for us.

3:31So this should take maybe five, 10 minutes.

3:33It shouldn't be too long.

3:34And as we can see here, the installation is proceeding.

3:37OK, so know that this is installed,

3:39I'm going to type in the password I created.

3:41Perfect.

3:41So let me just expand this screen a little bit.

3:44Now what I'm going to do is I'm going

3:46to go up to this top left here.

3:47And then I'm going to click on something

3:49called the Terminal Emulator.

3:51Now I'll click this plus sign, and I'll

3:54go to Edit and then Preferences.

3:56And all I'm going to do is to click on Appearance.

3:58And then I'm going to click this,

4:01and I'm going to make the font a little bit bigger so it's

4:04easier to see.

4:04And then choose Select.

4:06OK, so we are now on the command line,

4:08and everything is up and running for Xubuntu.

4:10Now, what I will say is that what I tend to do on a Mac,

4:14it's just a personal preference purely

4:16because the visual outputs of this virtual machine

4:19is just ever so slightly blurry.

4:21It's not quite as sharp as the output on my Mac.

4:25It seems to be some type of resolution between the retina

4:28display of the native Mac and the virtual machine itself.

4:32So what I like to do, and again, this is purely optional,

4:35is to take the command sudo apt update.

4:37And again, you don't have to worry

4:39about what this command means just quite yet.

4:41We're just pulling down some updates.

4:43And I'm going to type in my password.

4:45That will do that.

4:46Perfect.

4:47And now I'm going to say sudo apt install openssh-server.

4:52Again, don't worry about what this actually does.

4:55All we're doing is installing a little server

4:58so we can remotely log into this machine

5:00from our MacBook itself.

5:02So I'm going to click y, and then I'll hit Return.

5:04And this will install this SSH server.

5:07Perfect.

5:08So I'm going to say clear, which clears the screen.

5:10And then I'm going to say ip addr.

5:13And then I'm going to do this little pipe symbol.

5:15And I'm going to say grep inet, and then hit Enter.

5:18Now, again, don't worry about these commands.

5:21What we're looking at here are the IP addresses

5:23on this device.

5:24Now the ones we are concerned with

5:26are the ones that say inet.

5:28The ones that say iine6, these are IPv6.

5:31We're not interested in them.

5:32So we actually have two IPv4 addresses.

5:35The first one is 127.0.0.1.

5:38We do not want to use that one.

5:40We want to use the other one.

5:41In my case, this is going to be 192.168.126.130.

5:47This is the IP address of this machine

5:49that I can use to log into it.

5:51So what I'll do is I will go back,

5:53and I'll go up to my little arrow here,

5:55and I'll choose Terminal.

5:56And I'll click this.

5:57This is the command line that I'm going to be using,

6:00my native Mac one.

6:01So I'm going to say the command ssh, and then the username,

6:05which in my case is ipvzero.

6:07And then I'm going to type in that IP address.

6:10So I'll do 192.168.126.130.

6:15And if I hit Return, I'm going to say yes.

6:17And now I'm going to type in my password and hit Enter.

6:21And we have full access to the Ubuntu virtual machine

6:24directly from the Mac.

6:25And this is my own personal preference.

6:27But like I say, it's a personal preference.

6:29You can do either which way suits you.

6:32OK, so that is us up and running with Xubuntu

6:34within our Mac environment.

6:36Let's now install our next virtual machine.

6:38That is going to be Rocky Linux.

6:40So I hope this has been informative for you,

6:42and I'd like to thank you for viewing.

0:12Hey, guys.

0:13And welcome back.

0:14So in the previous Nugget, we had just went

0:16through the installation of Xubuntu on our Mac computer.

0:20Let's now walk through the same process,

0:22this time for Rocky Linux.

0:25So what I'm going to do here is I'll just close this for now.

0:28And I'll go back to my browser, and I'll

0:30search for Rocky Linux.

0:32I'll click this.

0:33Let me fullscreen this.

0:34And I'll click Download 8.5.

0:37Now I'm going to choose the x86_64 architecture.

0:41And the option I'm going to select

0:42is going to be the Minimal install.

0:44So I'll grab this, and I'll just save this file.

0:47So this is now downloading.

0:49And in the meantime, I'm just going to shut down the Xubuntu

0:53machine from the last Nugget.

0:54So I'll click up here, and I'll click this little button here,

0:57and I'll choose Shut Down.

0:59OK, close this.

1:00OK, so Rocky Linux has now downloaded.

1:03What I'm going to do is I'm going to go back to VMware,

1:06and I'm going to select a window up here and then click

1:09Virtual Machine Library.

1:11So this is going to show us the library of virtual machines

1:14we have installed.

1:15We already have the Ubuntu right here.

1:17What I'm now going to do is say File and then click New.

1:20This is going to allow us to install a brand new image.

1:24So again, we'll go to Finder, and I'll go to my Downloads.

1:28And all I'm going to do is to drag the Rocky ISO over.

1:32So click this and--

1:33OK, so now that Rocky Linux has been downloaded,

1:36what I want to do is to click on my VMware,

1:39and I'll go to File, and then New.

1:41Now what I'm going to do is drag this copy, the ISO of Rocky

1:45Linux, and drop it right here.

1:48Now I'm going to make sure I've got Rocky Linux highlighted,

1:51and I'll click Continue.

1:52What I'm going to do is choose the version Other Linux 4.x

1:56kernel 64-bit and choose Continue.

1:58I will leave it at Legacy BIOS.

2:01And we can see here the actual settings.

2:03What I'm going to do is to check Customize Settings.

2:06And I'll click Save for the name.

2:07Now what I'm going to do is go into Processors and Memory.

2:11Now you can give this as many processors as you want.

2:14The more you've got available to you, the better.

2:16But you really don't need to have anywhere near this amount.

2:18I'll just crank this value up.

2:20OK, so let's go back.

2:22And again, Virtual Machine, Settings.

2:25I'll go to Hard Disk.

2:26And I'll give this just over 20, and I'll apply it.

2:29OK, so with this done, what I'll do

2:32is I'll just turn on the device by clicking this button here,

2:34and again.

2:36OK, so we're now going to see these three options.

2:38The top one is highlighted.

2:40If I arrow down, it goes to the second.

2:41If I arrow down again, it goes to Troubleshooting.

2:44We want the very top one, which is Install Rocky Linux 8.

2:48And hit Return.

2:49OK, so I'm going to choose my language.

2:50I'll leave this at English and click Continue.

2:53Now I'm going to click on the Installation Destination

2:56right here.

2:57And I'll choose the disk here, which I've created.

2:59And let me just scroll on down.

3:01Just click this again.

3:02We want the storage configuration to be automatic.

3:05That's all good.

3:06And then if I choose Done, if I go to Software Selection,

3:10and I'm going to choose Minimal Install.

3:12And then I'll choose Done.

3:14I'll click on the time and the date here.

3:16Now, my location is going to be the UK time.

3:20So I'll choose this and then Done.

3:22Next I'm going to click on Network and Host right here.

3:25And I'm going to toggle this onto ON,

3:27and then I'll choose Done.

3:29And now if I scroll on down, I'm going

3:31to choose the root password.

3:33This is effectively going to be the administrator password.

3:35So I'll type one in.

3:37And I'll just confirm this, and I'll click Done.

3:39Now if I go down and create a user, I'll give a user name.

3:43I'll choose ipvzero.

3:45And I'll make this user an administrator.

3:48I'll create a password.

3:49I'll just use the same password for quickness.

3:51And again, just confirm this password.

3:53And then I will choose Done.

3:55Perfect.

3:56With this now done, I can now choose Begin Installation.

3:59So I'll click this, we're going to prepare to install.

4:02OK, so if we just click Reboot System, OK,

4:05so let's click Return.

4:06Now the machine reboots.

4:08OK, so we can log in with the username.

4:10Mine is ipvzero.

4:12And type in the password we created.

4:14And now we have access to this machine.

4:17Now, just like we did in the previous Nugget,

4:20I'm going to say ip addr grep inet.

4:23And same rules apply.

4:24We're going to be looking for the inet, not inet6.

4:27And we're going to ignore the 127.0.0.1 address.

4:30So the address I'm going to target

4:32is 192.168.126.131 this time.

4:36So what I'm going to say is ssh ipvzero 192.168.126.131.

4:45And if I hit Enter, I'll say yes.

4:47And let me just fullscreen this.

4:49And I'll type in the password for this virtual machine.

4:53So hit Enter, and now we can see here we're inside this Rocky

4:57Linux virtual machine.

4:59So that should be us up and running.

5:00We have access to a Xubuntu machine, as well as

5:03a Rocky Linux machine.

5:05And with this all locked and loaded,

5:06we can now begin getting hands-on with the labs

5:09and learning Linux.

5:10So I hope this has been informative for you,

5:12and I'd like to thank you for viewing.